The 16 Sutras of Vedic Math

Vedic Math essentially rests on the 16 Sutras, or mathematical formulas, as referred to in the Vedas. Sri Sathya Sai Veda Pratishtan has compiled these 16 Sutras.

The 16 Sutras of Vedic Math

1. Ekadhikina Purvena
   (Corollary: Anurupyena)
   Meaning: By one more than the previous one
2. Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah
   (Corollary: Sisyate Sesasamjnah)
   Meaning: All from 9 and the last from 10
3. Urdhva-Tiryagbyham
   (Corollary: Adyamadyenantyamantyena)
   Meaning: Vertically and crosswise
4. Paraavartya Yojayet
   (Corollary: Kevalaih Saptakam Gunyat)
   Meaning: Transpose and adjust
5. Shunyam Saamyasamuccaye
   (Corollary: Vestanam)
   Meaning: When the sum is the same that sum is zero
6. (Anurupye) Shunyamanyat
   (Corollary: Yavadunam Tavadunam)
   Meaning: If one is in ratio, the other is zero
7. Sankalana-vyavakalanabhyam
   (Corollary: Yavadunam Tavadunikritya Varga Yojayet)
   Meaning: By addition and by subtraction
8. Puranapuranabyham
   (Corollary: Antyayordashake'pi)
   Meaning: By the completion or non-completion
9. Chalana-Kalanabyham
   (Corollary: Antyayoreva)
   Meaning: Differences and Similarities
10. Yaavadunam
    (Corollary: Samuccayagunitah)
    Meaning: Whatever the extent of its deficiency
11. Vyashtisamanstih
    (Corollary: Lopanasthapanabhyam)
    Meaning: Part and Whole
12. Shesanyankena Charamena
    (Corollary: Vilokanam)
    Meaning: The remainders by the last digit
13. Sopaantyadvayamantyam
    (Corollary: Gunitasamuccayah Samuccayagunitah)
    Meaning: The ultimate and twice the penultimate
14. Ekanyunena Purvena
    (Corollary: Dhvajanka)
    Meaning: By one less than the previous one
15. Gunitasamuchyah
    (Corollary: Dwandwa Yoga)
    Meaning: The product of the sum is equal to the sum of the product
16. Gunakasamuchyah
    (Corollary: Adyam Antyam Madhyam)
    Meaning: The factors of the sum is equal to the sum of the factors